HOW DO I KNOW I AM MANAGING MY DIABETES WELL?

The 24/7 management of diabetes is all consuming and it is sometimes difficult to see the right path among the multitudes of medications and endless glucose readings. To check your direction, it is necessary to zoom out and look at the big picture: what is the average of the glucose levels and are other risks controlled?

Why do I want to manage my diabetes well?

In the short-term, better glucose control will help your energy levels, concentration and keep you in good general health.

In the long-term, better glucose control helps you avoid the complications that occur due to damage to large blood vessels (heart attack and stroke) and small blood vessels (eye, kidney and nerve disease). Both large and small blood disease cause diabetic foot complications. 

What do I need to do to avoid these complications?

1. Know your numbers! These are the important targets:
   1. HbA1c <7% for most people living with diabetes (<6.5% for younger and < 7.5% for older). This level tells us how well the glucose has been controlled in the previous 3 months.
   2. Blood pressure <140/90 and, if possible, <130/80.
   3. LDL-cholesterol < 1.8mmol/L for most people living with Type 2 diabetes. Slightly higher levels if young, Type 1 diabetes and even lower levels in people with established heart disease or stroke.
   4. No albuminuria – no protein in the urine!
2. Stop smoking!
3. Healthy lifestyle to maintain an healthy weight.
4. Regular check-ups with your healthcare team to assess all the above regularly. Keep in touch with the team even between visits if you are having difficulties.

How often do I need to be checked?

1. Every 3-6 months (doctor or diabetes nurse educator):
   1. HbA1c
   2. Blood pressure
2. Annually
   1. LDL-cholesterol – doctor
   2. Blood kidney test – doctor
   3. Urine test – doctor
   4. Eye screening – this can be done by your optometrist who is able to check the retina
   5. Foot screening by the podiatrist